In the experiment of injecting F. nucleatum into the veins of mice, it was also observed that F. nucleatum infects the mouse placenta in the form of biofilm and causes premature delivery and even stillbirth.189 Experiments using F. nucleatum and TLR-4 or TLR-2 deficient mice found that TLR-4 deficient mice had lower fetal mortality and less placental inflammation, while TLR-2 deficient mice did not. Here, TLR4 is linked to Stillbirth.