It was found that in addition to increasing the secretion of IL-8 and MMP, oral cancer cells infected with live F. nucleatum significantly induced higher expression of STAT3, MYC, and ZEB1.107 This indicates that in addition to promoting tumor proliferation through Toll-like receptors, F. nucleatum can also promote tumor invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and neoplasm.