Given that previous studies have shown that the expression of Meflin, an rCAF marker, is heterogeneous among patients with pancreatic and colorectal cancers (Mizutani et al, 2019; Kobayashi et al, 2021), we evaluated the prevalence of Meflin+ CAFs in patients with NSCLC who did not receive ICB treatment. Here, ISLR is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.