PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: We conducted a retrospective observational study of 132 patients with NSCLC who had received ICB monotherapy targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) (nivolumab or pembrolizumab) or programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) (atezolizumab) at our institution (Fig 4A).