In the present study, we focused on the role of Meflin, a recently identified rCAF marker in pancreatic and colorectal cancers (Mizutani et al, 2019; Kobayashi et al, 2021), in tumor response to ICB therapy through the analyses of human NSCLC samples and syngeneic tumor mouse models. The gene discussed is ISLR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.