We have previously demonstrated that neuronal VPS35 deficiency results in neurodegenerative pathology in developing mouse brain [17, 18] and microglial VPS35-loss induces hippocampal microglial cell activation, impairs adult hippocampal neurogenesis [15], but decreases ischemic stroke-induced damage in the cortex [19]. The gene discussed is VPS35; the disease is ischemic stroke.