Similarly, analysis of 65 cytokines and chemokines in the sera of patients during the progression of NASH versus healthy controls showed significantly decreased CXCL1 (p = 0.05) and CXCL12 (p = 0.03) as well as significantly increased CCL7 (p = 0.03), CXCL10 (p = 0.001), IL-1Rα (p = 0.001), IL-33 (p = 0.02), IL-16 (p = 0.02), and IL-28α (p = 0.02) only in women during NASH (Figure S4). Here, IL16 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.