BRAF and cutaneous melanoma: Overall, alterations in BRAF, NRAS, NF1 and KIT are present in 93% of human cutaneous melanomas in a mutually exclusive pattern, although a small fraction of tumors harbor alterations in several of these genes (Akbani et al., 2015; Hayward et al., 2017; Hodis et al., 2012) (Table 2).