BRAF and melanoma: Sequencing studies revealed genomic amplifications of mutant BRAF (Shi et al., 2012), expression of BRAF splicing variants (Poulikakos et al., 2010) or acquisition of mutations within MEK1 or MEK2 (Van Allen et al., 2014; Wagle et al., 2011, 2014) as frequent drivers of resistance to BRAF inhibition via the reactivation of the RAS pathway in melanoma patients.