In particular, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a master regulator of melanocyte differentiation, represents an important downstream target of the MAPK pathway in the context of melanoma (Wellbrock and Arozarena, 2015), as its transcriptional activity and protein turnover are modulated by ERK or ERK effectors through post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, SUMOylation and ubiquitylation (Hemesath et al., 1998; Wu et al., 2000). This evidence concerns the gene MAPK1 and melanoma.