Further IP combined with western blot confirmed that knockdown of ESCCAL-1 significantly promoted ubiquitination of Gal-1 in ESCC cells in the presence of MG132 (Fig. 8D), suggesting that ESCCAL-1 stabilizes Gal-1 protein by preventing its degradation through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP). The gene discussed is CASC9; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.