Our full label-free quantitative proteome analyses within the CD34+ fraction (or mononuclear blasts in case of NPM1 mutant AML)7 in primary AML patient samples (n = 42, Supplementary Data 1) compared to healthy CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells revealed that downregulated proteins in AML were significantly enriched for gene ontology (GO) terms associated with myeloid commitment, while upregulated proteins were enriched for GO terms “RNA splicing”, “ribosome biogenesis” and various metabolic processes (Fig. 1a and Supplementary Data 2). This evidence concerns the gene NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia.