PDCD1 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a distinct geographic distribution, with a predominance in Asia and North Africa.1 The prognosis of patients with recurrent or metastatic NPC (RM-NPC) who fail to respond to standard chemotherapy is poor.2 There had been no effective treatment until anti–programmed cell death 1 (anti–PD-1) therapy achieved breakthroughs in previously treated patients with RM-NPC.