The effect of empagliflozin on the primary efficacy outcome was generally consistent across prespecified subgroups, including acute heart failure status (de novo versus decompensated chronic heart failure), diabetes status, age, sex, geographic region, baseline N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), kidney function, atrial fibrillation status and LVEF subgroup (Fig. 3). This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and congestive heart failure.