Thus, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) appear within hours of a stroke, but tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and S100B appear after 12–24 h and each biomarker had differing abilities to predict 90-day outcomes of stroke37. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and stroke disorder.