IGF1R and lung cancer: For instance, in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant lung cancer, activation of the Hippo pathway effector protein YAP, Notch-3/β-catenin signaling, AXL, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), or BIM deletion polymorphism mediates drug persistence to initial EGFR-TKI treatment23–28.