In fact, although parathyroidectomy (PTx) is successfully in 90% of cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT1), in 10% the calcemia and PTH values return or become elevated as a result of an unidentified or inaccessible adenoma, multiglandular disease, insufficient excision of hyperplastic glands, difficulty in distinguishing between adenomatous tissue and hyperplastic gland3. This evidence concerns the gene PTH and adenoma.