TNF and chronic kidney disease: According to studies, it is possible to find changes in the salivary inflammatory biomarkers in patients with CKD by analyzing interleukin (IL) 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (INF-γ), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) [11].