SCD and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: The results of this study demonstrated that IDT, as the convenience consuming form, obviously improved the obesity and lipid metabolism disorder in HFD-induced rats via mitigating oxidative stress (Nrf2 and antioxidant enzymes), lipid metabolism (PPARγ-CD36-SCD1), glucose metabolism (Gck and ENO2), and gut microbiota (enhancement of beneficial gut bacteria Akkermansia).