According to the aforementioned EpCAM staining and tissue/cell morphology, we isolated five types of cell samples (Supplementary Figures S4A–C) from frozen sections, including three components in the tumor: LCSL cells (three samples), CCA cells (four samples) and HCC cells (two samples), and two components in the paratumor: PDR cells (three samples) and PL cells (four samples). Here, EPCAM is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.