LEP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Chronic inflammation involves obesity and elevates insulin resistance, which gives rise to an abnormal production adipocytokines such as leptin, tumor necrosis factor α, prothrombotic mediator plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (Pal-1), interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 (Vaziri et al., 2005; Di Lorenzo et al., 2013).