Many types of cancers establish an immunosuppressive environment that include expression of IL-10, TGF, IL-6, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulation factor (GM-CSF) that can reduce DC maturation potential (Herfs et al., 2009; Bayne et al., 2012; Torres-Poveda et al., 2014; Brencicova et al., 2017; Remes Lenicov et al., 2018). The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is cancer.