In a triple-negative (TN) breast cancer xenograft model, morphine promoted TN breast cancer metastasis and angiogenesis, and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ketorolac inhibited these effects, possibly due to its enhancement of thrombospondin-1 synthesis and inactivation of the PI3K/Akt/c-Myc pathway (42). This evidence concerns the gene THBS1 and breast carcinoma.