CEACAM5 and breast carcinoma: While serial assessment of tumor markers, such as cancer antigen (CA)15-3 (the soluble moiety of the MUC-1 glycoprotein) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are used sometimes in patients with metastatic breast cancer, serum tumor markers are not recommended in the surveillance of patients treated for early breast cancer due to (i) concerns with sensitivity, (ii) the finding that the positive predictive values of these markers decrease over time, and (iii) lack of evidence that serum marker measurement improves clinical outcomes (42, 43).