VEGFA and type 2 diabetes mellitus: We found that there was a significant association of polymorphism of VEGF-2578C/A (rs699947) in the DR and non-DR groups with high allele polymorphism variation in the DR group, while the A and T allele were higher in the non-DR group in T2DM patients in Bali (OR = 13.05; 95% CI = 2.69–63.18; p = 0.001) as shown in Table 3.