However, sesamin (25-100 μM) halted cancer progression by inhibiting the NF-κB, STAT3, JNK, ERK1/2, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT and activating tumor suppressor protein like p38 and p53 via downregulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) [74, 75]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and cancer.