The qRT-PCR results showed that compared with the normal renal tissues, the expression level of EPO, PLAUR, TGFA and TGFB1 were higher in the ccRCC tissue, while the expression level of TEK were lower, trends in the expression levels of these genes were consistent with our findings (Figure 11). This evidence concerns the gene TGFA and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.