ATF6 and pachyonychia congenita: For this, qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used and revealed that the expression of ATF6, EMC6, and APAF1 were markedly increased in PC cells that were transfected with OE-ATF6, EMC6, and APAF1, and markedly inhibited in PC cells transfected with Si-ATF6, EMC6, and APAF1 when compared with the control (Figures 4D–L).