However, although high plasma and CSF levels of TNF-α are associated with poorer outcomes, inhibition of TNF-α by anti-TNF antibodies did not improve outcome (30) but synthetic oleanane triterpenoids reduced plasma levels of IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-γ (31), thereby enhancing the integrity of the brain blood barrier in experimental cerebral malaria. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is cerebral malaria.