However, in preclinical models of folic acid nephropathy, unilateral ureteric obstruction, and cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, renal induction of the PPARα protein and its responsive transcripts occurred within 5-10 days of treatment with fenofibrate at similar doses to that used in the present study (100 mg/kg/day) (14, 109). This evidence concerns the gene PPARA and Ureteral obstruction.