The increased mRNA and protein expression of cytokines, such as TGF-β1 and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), in all intestinal layers coincident with the inflammation sites and the increased deposition of ECM proteins synthesized by myofibroblasts induce intestinal fibrosis (Lawrance et al., 2001b; Fiocchi and Lund, 2011). The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is fibrosis.