Figures 6A–C illustrates an experiment performed using ex vivo SAG suture explants in 2-D culture to phenocopy a de novo and transmitted mutations in inhibitory SMAD6 (I-SMAD6) gene leading to SAG suture craniosynostosis in humans (Timberlake et al., 2016). The gene discussed is SMAD6; the disease is craniosynostosis.