With lipid overload in hepatocytes, toxic lipids trigger pro-inflammatory signaling and activate transcriptional factors of NF-κB and AP-1 to induce the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8, which are considered to be the major pro-inflammatory mediators in NAFLD (Joshi-Barve et al., 2007; Di Nunzio et al., 2010; Pal et al., 2012). Here, TNF is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.