Evidence suggests that lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as one of the pathogens that induce acute lung injury, can increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) and TGF-β production and macrophage infiltration, thereby promoting alveolar epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and lung fibrosis (Qiu et al., 2019; Ding et al., 2020). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.