GNG13 and Alzheimer disease: Liu et al. (2018) suggested that the GNG13 subunit was a critical signaling component in both the main olfactory epithelium and apical vomeronasal epithelium, by playing an important role in odor-triggered social behaviors including male–male aggression. A recent study found the expression level of GNG13 was significantly reduced in patients with AD compared with its expression in healthy control subjects and GNG13 may act as a potential biomarker in Purkinje cells, indicating the state of health of the cerebellum (Sanfilippo et al., 2021).