DMF was also shown to promote mitochondrial biogenesis in fibroblasts derived from FRDA patients (Hayashi et al., 2017), possibly by activating the PGC-1α and Nrf1 dependent mitochondrial biogenesis pathway (Wu et al., 1999; Piantadosi et al., 2008). The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is Friedreich ataxia.