A number of studies have stressed the importance of evaluating PD-L1 expression not only on TCs but also on TIICs.8,9,13,70,71 PD-L1 expression on TIICs has a stronger relationship with the cancer immune response than PD-L1 expression only on TCs.8 Most responders to pembrolizumab were identified when tumor and immune cell PD-L1 expression were combined,18 making CPS a more sensitive measure/scoring system compared with tumor proportion score (TPS).17–19 However, there are certain limitations of this study. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.