Antioxidants, such as N-acetylcysteine56, quercetin57, ethyl pyruvate54, edaravone58, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate59, EUK-860, tert-butylhydroqinone60, and resveratrol61, significantly inhibit HMGB1 release in various infection and injury models in vitro and in vivo. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and infection.