Among these proteins, we focused on 10 proteins (CTSF, FBLN1, AKR1B10, CCL20, SAA1, CXCL1, CXCL3, AXL, AKR1C3, CPNE 3) based on the extent of upregulation and their close relationship with the occurrence and development of tumours reported in previous studies (Fig. 2c). Here, CXCL1 is linked to neoplasm.