In an attempt to explain the possible beneficial effects of the combination of exenatide and dapagliflozin in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, Ferrannini et al.suggested that the combination abolished the dapagliflozin-induced rise in the β-hydroxybutyrate, reduced the exenatide induced increase in fasting insulin-to-glucagon molar ratio, maintained glycosuria, and increased haematocrit, while mitigating the risk of ketoacidosis31. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.