TRIM31 and Insulin resistance: We established hepatocyte-specific Trim31 knockout (THKO) mice (Supplementary Fig. S3a, b) and hepatocyte-specific Trim31 overexpression (THTG) mice (Supplementary Fig. S4a, b) to examine the protective effects of Trim31 on HFD-induced insulin resistance and glucose metabolism disorder, which are common complications and vital predisposing factors of fatty liver.