TRIM31 and fatty liver disease: To better confirm the inhibitory effect of Trim31 on steatohepatitis, the ex vivo gene therapy intervention approach by lentivirus loaded with mouse full-length Trim31 sequences (LV-Trim31) or human full-length Trim31 sequences (LV-hTRIM31) was employed to further evaluate the role of Trim31 on mitigation of liver steatosis, insulin resistance and inflammation (Fig. 4a and Supplementary Fig. S8a).