IFNA1 and COVID-19: In the context of SARS-CoV-2 infections, the protective effects of IFN signaling are demonstrated by studies showing that severe COVID-19 is associated with decreased IFN signaling (2, –4), the presence of autoantibodies blocking the action of specific IFNs (5, , , –9), and genetic variants that impair IFN signaling (10, 11).