The pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetes mellitus, as mentioned above, are the result of the alteration of the mechanisms that regulate blood glucose levels: on the one hand, insulin resistance causes an increase in glucose production in the liver, reduced storage capacity in the form of glycogen and reduced utilization by muscle tissue; on the other hand, β-cell dysfunction causes reduced insulin production and consequent dysregulation of glucose regulation mechanisms. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.