Of note, ADHF patients with renal dysfunction (RD) at hospital admission had >4-fold higher RBP4 urine levels than those presenting normal renal function, who otherwise had urine values within the normal range (RD vs. NRF groups: 40.9 (9.5–248.7) vs. 9.7 (2.0–34.9) ng RBP4/mg total protein, p = 0.002, Figure 5B). Here, RBP4 is linked to Abnormal renal physiology.