Immune checkpoint proteins such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) are important regulators of the immune response and treatment with inhibitors of these has been proven effective in treatment of certain cancers [5]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is cancer.