CREB and TORC1 play a significant role in glucose homeostasis by modulating target genes including Pparg coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1alpha), interleukin (IL-6), salt inducible kinase 1 (SIK1), JUNB, and NR4A3, which stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis and improve nutrient uptake as well as metabolism and therefore represent potential therapeutic targets in promoting normal skeletal muscle metabolism in diabetes [33]. This evidence concerns the gene PPARGC1A and diabetes mellitus.