TNF-α, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, IL-1α, IL-8, interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), RANTES, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), resistin, IL-12, IL-13, platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), placental growth factor-1 (PIGF-1), beta-nerve growth factor (β-NGF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), IL-4, IL-10, basic fibroblast growth factor gene (FGFb), leptin, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Adipo, IL-17A and IL-1β were upregulated in IL-4/IL-13-induced AD-HSE. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Alzheimer disease.