Fourth, treatment of AD-HSE with IL-4/IL-13 induced secretion of TNF-α, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, IL-1α, IL-8, IP-10, RANTES, VEGF, EGF, resistin, IL-12, IL-13, PDGF-BB, PIGF-1, β-NGF, MCP-1, MIP-1α, IL-4, IL-10, FGFb, leptin, IGF-1, TGF-β, Adipo, IL-17A and IL-1β. Here, CSF2 is linked to Alzheimer disease.