Compounds with antioxidant activity in the treatment of type 2 diabetes can activate the 5′adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways, down-regulate the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) related genes to release pro-inflammatory mediators, increase glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammatory cells and reduce cytokines levels. This evidence concerns the gene PTGS2 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.