MS showed similar effects to 4 weeks of CRS since it activated expression of TLR4, TNF-α and IL-1β in colon tissue and activation of the neuro-immune response was evident from increased TLR4 and IL-1β, but not TNF-α in the hippocampus in male MS mice compared to controls [23]. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is congenital rubella syndrome.