Moreover, in vitro studies by Zhou et al. [43] have confirmed that the transfection of neoplastic (adenocarcinoma) cells derived from colonic and rectal epithelial cells (enterocytes) with the use of a pCMV5-TGFBR1*6A-HA gene construct brings about TGFBR1*6A (type 1 transforming growth factor β receptor)-induced activation of the p38 MAPK pathway, followed by expedited and highly malignant oncogenic modulation of these colorectal tumor cells. This evidence concerns the gene TGFBR1 and adenocarcinoma.