The mRNA for USP9X is increased by ZIKV infection [125] and thus it could be reasonably hypothesized that following ZIKV infection, the balance between SOCS1, driving Vav ubiquitination, degradation and loss of Vav function, with USP9X, driving ZAP70 deubiquitination and activation of Vav, could regulate Vav/Rho GTPase activation and signaling in NPC and neurons (Figure 3D). Here, ZAP70 is linked to Zika virus infectious disease.