GCG and renal cell carcinoma: The HIF-1 signaling pathway, pyruvate metabolism, propanoate metabolism, metabolic pathways, the rap1 signaling pathway, the AMPK signaling pathway, the glucagon signaling pathway, proteoglycans in cancer, renal cell carcinoma, fatty acid biosynthesis, the insulin signaling pathway, and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance were significantly enriched by the downregulated genes (Table 5).