PROS1 and pertussis: Our present study data, in agreement with our earlier findings that characterized the immune response to immunization with T3SS system needle protein BscF from B. pertussis [5], demonstrate the significant immunomodulatory effect of BscF on the expression of the inflammatory signaling molecules—chemokines and prostanoids—compared with pertussis antigens in the Tdap vaccine and suggest BscF as a potential adjuvant for developing new vaccines for infants and adolescents.