The treatment with NPs inhibited several pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, IL-17A, IFN-γ, IL-27, etc., related to non-treated animals with colitis, Figure 5III,IV) and transitorily stimulated the secretion of some other mediators (e.g., IL-6, GM-CSF, Figure 5III,IV) in the colon of DSS-induced colitis mice. Here, CSF2 is linked to colitis.