CCL5 and rheumatoid arthritis: To investigate how allogeneic BM-MSCs regulate the immune function of PB monocytes and mDCs from RA patients, we evaluated the protein levels or mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β), proteins involved in cell migration (CCL3 or MIP-1α, CCL4 or MIP-1β, CCL5 or RANTES, CXCL9 or MIG, CXCL10 or IP-10, and CCR7), and the maturation marker CD83, in the presence/absence of BM-MSCs and stimulating agents (LPS plus IFNγ).